秦始皇焚书坑儒的事情,估计大家都是从历史教材上看的。大家往往会把焚书和坑儒混为一谈,我最近看了几篇文章,同时查了查《史记》,得出以下几点。
一:焚书坑儒并不是同时发生,焚书在先,坑儒在后。看《史记-秦始皇本纪》:
“三十四年… 始皇置酒咸阳宫,博士七十人前为寿。”席间丞相李斯进言说:“臣请史官非秦 记皆烧之。非博士官所职,天下敢有藏诗、书、职,天下敢有藏诗、书、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂烧之。 有敢偶语诗书者弃市。以古非今者族。吏见知不举者与同罪。令下三十日不烧,
黥为城旦。所不去者,医药卜筮种树之书。若欲有学法令,以吏为师。”制曰: “可。”
”三十四年是公元前213年。焚书发生于斯时。坑儒则发生于秦始皇三十五年,即公元前212年。“三十五年…诸生在咸阳者…犯禁者四百六十馀人,皆坑之咸阳,使天下知 之,以惩後。益发谪徙边。”
二是焚书都有备份,并不是焚尽天下书。看李斯原话“臣请史官非秦记皆烧之。非博士官所职,天下敢有藏诗、书、职,天下敢有藏诗、书、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂烧之。 有敢偶语诗书者弃市。以古非今者族。吏见知不举者与同罪。令下三十日不烧, 黥为城旦。所不去者,医药卜筮种树之书。”注意里面的“非博士官所职”,意思就是博士官可以存此类要焚的书。博士官类似于今天的图书馆。然而博士官所存的书后来被不读书的项大力士一把火给烧掉了。
三:焚书实质为禁言。“天下敢有藏诗、书、职,天下敢有藏诗、书、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂烧之。 有敢偶语诗书者弃市。以古非今者族。吏见知不举者与同罪。令下三十日不烧,
黥为城旦。”这说的清清楚楚,藏诗、书、百家语者,只是发现了烧去而已,如果“有敢偶语诗书者”,则要“弃市”:“三十日不烧”的,让你去修长城,让你老婆去哭长城。
坑儒坑的并非全是儒生,而是术士居多,起因也是因为术士。看秦始皇自己怎么说的,“大怒曰:“吾前收天下书不中用者尽去之。悉召文学方术士甚众,欲以兴太平,方士欲练以求奇药。今闻韩众去不报,徐福等费以巨万计,终不得药,徒奸利相告日闻。卢生等吾尊赐之甚厚,今乃诽谤我,以重吾不德也。诸生在咸阳者,吾使人廉问,或为讠夭言以乱黔首。”意思是说徐福花了我很多钱不给我办事,领着童男跑到日本去泡MM去了;侯生卢生不但跑了,还诽谤我。所以得把你们给杀了。话说回来,“诸生传相告引,乃自除”,他们人品也不怎么清高。
《史记》中并没说坑儒,最早把焚书坑儒合在一起的是伪孔传本《古文尚书》,全书之前有一篇假冒孔安国作的《序》,“及秦始皇,灭先代典籍,焚书坑儒,天下学士,逃难解散。”后人以讹传讹,直到今日。
焚书坑儒的真相
给吾小妻做的播放器皮肤
今天看书看的有点
累,就去塞班看5700又出新软件没,看到了几个以前没安过的就下下来测试测试。我
手机上网翻页不方便。一个天天动听草稿纸皮肤的贴子我看见好几次,就把它下了下来。切换成这个皮肤后发现字体颜色不太符合心意,就找了些教程看,想把这皮肤改一改。费了一些功夫就改成下面这个样子了,虽然不够完美,但是绝对够个性。启动画面是孙燕姿,是suki的偶像哦。


该皮肤下载地址:天天动听草稿纸皮肤theboy美化版
百度名字的由来
百度名字来源于辛弃疾的一首名叫《青玉案 元夕》的词。全文如下:东风夜放花千树。更吹落、星如雨。宝马雕车香满路。凤箫声动,玉壶光转,一夜鱼龙舞。蛾儿雪柳黄金缕。笑语盈盈暗香去。众里寻他千百度。蓦然回首,那人却在,灯火阑珊处。 不过官方只有英文版的介绍:
The Baidu Story
Many people have asked about the meaning of our name. “Baidu” was inspired by a poem written more than 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. The poem compares the search for a retreating beauty amid chaotic glamour with the search for one’s dream while confronted by life’s many obstacles. “…hundreds and thousands of times, for her I searched in chaos, suddenly, I turned by chance, to where the lights were waning, and there she stood.” Baidu, whose literal meaning is hundreds of times, represents persistentsearch for the ideal.Baidu chose a poetic Chinese name because it wants the world to remember its heritage. As a native speaker of the Chinese language and a talented engineer, Baidu focuses on what it knows best – Chinese language search. Applying avant-garde technology to the world’s most ancient and complex language is as challenging as it is exciting. At least people here at Baidu think so. As having diligently disclosed in the Prospectus of our recent Initial Public Offering, we believe there are at least 38 ways of saying “I” in Chinese. It is important that we master all the ways of addressing oneself in Chinese because our users depend on us to address every one of their daily queries. And trust us, pin pointing queries in the Chinese language is an art rather than a science.Our mission is to provide the best way for people to find information. To do this we listen carefully to our users’ needs and wants. Have we collected all the Chinese web pages they want to see? Are the pages current and up to date? Are the search results closely related to their queries? Did we return those search results instantly? To improve user experience, we constantly make improvements to our products and services. For example, we introduced “phonetic” or “pin-yin” search which allows our users to type in Chinese keywords using English alphabets. This feature is designed to skip the switching from English inputting to Chinese inputting and for when the user is not sure of the written form of a keyword. Our users definitely notice the many little things that we do differently to ensure a simple and reliable search experience every time.In addition to serving individual users, we also serve as a media platform for online marketing customers. We not only provide our customers easy access to one of the largest online audiences in China but also targeted groups with defined interests as indicated by queries. Unlike traditional online advertising services which charge by flat fee, our marketing products and services are performance based. Our Pay for Performance model has taken the market by storm because it is cost effective and measurable.We know that a lot of interesting things are going on in the Internet space, but we don’t want to lose focus. China’s Internet search industry is only a newly discovered territory. We see vast untapped grounds in our home base and we believe there are still plenty of prizes to be claimed by the best players.
链接地址:http://ir.baidu.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=188488&p=irol-homeprofile


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